Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control resulting in involuntary urine leakage causing embarrassment and shame. It is often a temporary phenomenon affecting more women than men and can affect anybody any time. The symptoms can vary from mild leakage of urine to heavy wetting. It can be controlled and managed or can be eliminated completely if the underlying cause is removed.
The causes of urinary incontinence can be urinary tract infections, diabetes , medications, nervous disorders, multiple sclerosis and spinal chord damage. There are five types of urinary incontinence namely urge incontinence, stress incontinence, overflow incontinence, functional incontinence and total incontinence. This condition affects more women because the pelvic muscles are strained and become weak due to pregnancy or child birth. The hormonal changes during menopause may also be the cause. It can also happen due to prostate issues or the side effects of prostate surgery.
Urge incontinence starts with overactive bladder wherein you have the need to urinate too often. When muscles around the urethra in women contract suddenly there is sudden urge to urinate and the leakage occurs. The urge incontinence happens due to loss of bladder control because of weak muscles. In this condition, the sudden urge to urinate is overwhelming and when you are unable to reach the bathroom in time, you end up wetting the dress.
Stress incontinence is the condition when small amount of leakage occurs when you suddenly sneeze or laugh or exert yourself. The muscles surrounding the urethra becomes weak and can not withstand stress and opens up leading to accidental leakage.
Injury to the spinal chord and diabetes can cause overflow incontinence. It occurs when small amounts of urine leak from the bladder which is always full. Men can have overflow incontinence because they are unable to empty the bladder fully due to enlarged prostate and when the bladder becomes full again, leakage occurs.
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